Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary

Absorción Foliar
Esta animación describe cómo se absorben los herbicidas por las hojas, e ilustra cómo sus características físico-químicas alteran su movimiento a través de la cutícula. También se muestran mecanismos pasivos y activos de la absorción de los herbicidas a través de las membranas de las plantas.

Absorción Radical
Esta animación muestra cómo se absorben los herbicidas por las raíces, e ilustra la ruta que sigue el herbicida a través de la raíz, para llegar al sistema vascular de la planta.

Acción Enzimática
Esta animación es sobre la actividad de la EPSP sintasa.

Aeration
Animation of water limiting and aeration limiting factors.

Allergic response
This animation shows the process the human body goes through when exposed to allergens.

Antisense RNA Technology
This animation shows Antisense Technology and its use in tomatoes.

Antisense-Russian Translation

Asteraceae Flowers
This animation describes and illustrates the different types of flowers found in the family Asteraceae.

Auxin and Auxinic Herbicide Mechanisms of Action
This animation illustrates how auxins and auxinic herbicides may elicit responses in plant cells. It describes basipetal transport of auxins via influx and efflux carriers and displays a scenario of auxin action where auxin receptors recognize auxins and auxinic herbicides, which then induce a signal transduction cascade to turn on various gene products. The role of these gene products in plant response is shown as well.

Auxina e Herbicida Auxínico Mecanismos de Açao
Portuguese version of Auxin and Auxinic Herbicide Mechanisms of Action

Backcross Breeding
How the conventional breeding method of backcross breeding is done. This is the seventh of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To return to the animation previous to this, go to Gene Gun.)

Bacteria Transformation
Illustrates the beginning stages of gene cloning. This animation shows how plasmids become recombinant and are inserted into bacteria cells. This is the second of four animations detailing the gene cloning process. To begin at the beginning, see Making a Recombinant Plasmid. (To see the next animation, go to Making a Gene Library.)

Cereal Quality

An animation about cereal grain and how how to measure cereal grain quality.

Clonación de los Genes
Una descripción básica de las fases en la clonación de genes. Esta es la tercera de una serie de siete animaciones que detallan el proceso de ingeniería genética de cultivos.

Codificación de los Genes
Esta animación muestra como un gen está construido para eventualmente producir una proteína en una planta de maíz Bt (Bt corn). Esta es la quinta de una serie de siete animaciones que detallan el proceso de ingeniería genética de cultivos.

Competencia Herbicida-Substrato
Esta animación es sobre la naturaleza competitiva del glifosato.

Corn Crossing
An interactive animation first demonstrating how controlled crosses are made in corn then asking the learner to click and drag objects to make a controlled cross of their own.

Corn Rootworm Lifecycle and Bt
This animation shows the lifecycle of the corn rootworm, as well as showing what happens when corn rootworm larvae consume roots containing Bt.

Descripción de la Ingeniería Genética
Esta animación muestra el proceso general de la ingeniería genética.

Descripción de la Transferencia de Electrones entre Fotosistemas
Esta animación muestra como una molécula de clorofila captura la energía de la luz y excita un electrón para dar inicio a la fotosíntesis.

Descripción General de la Acción de los Herbicidas Auxinicos
Esta animación resume la forma en que las auxinas y los herbicidas auxinicos pueden activar ciertos genes y como los productos de esos genes pueden alterar el crecimiento de las plantas.

Detalles de la transcripción
Una detallada descripción de la transcripción, el primer paso en la síntesis proteica. Esta es la segunda de una serie de tres animaciones sobre síntesis de proteínas.

Development of QTL Mapping Populations
The objective of this animation is to develop a QTL mapping population for locating and characterizing the genes responsible for resistance to tan spot disease of wheat.

Diagramas de Jablonski
La animación muestra como los electrones pueden absorber y transferir energía.

DNA and DNA Extraction
The DNA structure and how it makes up genes and chromosomes in the cell. This is the second of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To go to the next animation, go to Gene Cloning.)

DNA Extraction for Plants
This animation shows details on DNA extraction methods for plant material.

ECB and Bt
This animation shows how Bt causes death in the European corn borer (ECB).

ECB Generation map
The generation map shows the different regions of the United States and how many European corn borer generations occur in each.

ECB Lifecycle
This animation goes through the life cycle of the European corn borer.

ECB Movement map
The animation shows how the European corn borer moved across the United States from east to west.

El ADN y su Extracción
La estructura del ADN y como éste constituye a los genes y los cromosomas en la célula. Esta es la segunda de una serie de siete animaciones que detallan el proceso de ingeniería genética de cultivos.

El Proceso de Ingeniería Genetica Vegetal
Esta animación combina nuestras 6 animaciones que explican las 5 etapas básicas del proceso de ingeniería genética vegetal. Una animación descriptiva enlista todas las etapas del proceso; luego, cada una de las etapas es descrita a detalle en animaciones por separado, ligadas a la pagina principal.

Electron Transfer within the Cell
An animation in the context of a plant cell which shows the sequence of converting light energy photons into ATP and NADPH, biochemical energy.

Enzyme Action
This animation shows the role of EPSP synthase in binding shikimate-3-phosphate and PEP.

Ethylene Synthesis
This animation shows the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and how auxins and environmental stresses induce it.

Fitomejoramiento Mediante Retrocruzamiento
Como el método convencional de mejoramiento genético por retrocruzamiento es realizado. Esta es la séptima de una serie de siete animaciones que detallan el proceso de ingeniería genética de cultivos.

Flower Parts
This animation illustrates the botanical parts of flower structures. Edited March, 2012.

Flower structures, Plant Breeding, Cross Pollination, Making Crosses
This animations illustrates the structures of a flower, plant breeding, cross pollination and making crosses.

Gel Electrophoresis
This animation explains how gel electrophoresis works. The affect of fragment size on movement through the gel is demonstrated.

Gel Electrophoresis-Russian Translation

Gel Scoring
This interactive animation provides an opportunity to practice scoring an electrophoresis gel.

Gene Cloning
A basic depiction of the steps in gene cloning. This is the third of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To return to the animation previous to this, go to DNA and DNA Extraction. To go to the next animation, go to Gene Regions.)

Gene Gun
How the gene gun works to transform cells with new DNA. This is the sixth of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To return to the animation previous to this, go to Gene Modification. To go to the next animation, go to Backcross Breeding.)

Gene Modifications
This animation shows how a gene is constructed to eventually produce a protein in a Bt corn plant. This is the fifth of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To return to the animation previous to this, go to Gene Regions. To go to the next animation, go to Gene Gun.)

Gene Regions
This animation shows the three gene coding regions. This is the fourth of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. To begin at the beginning, see Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering. (To return to the animation previous to this, go to Gene Cloning. To go to the next animation, go to Gene Modification.)

Genetic Engineering Vs. Traditional Breeding Timeline
This animation compares the timeline for genetic engineering versus traditional plant breeding. It also compares the regulatory processes of each.

Genetic Mapping
An overview of how genes affect an organism's traits, and how those
genes are passed from one generation to the next. Also explains how
scientists map locations of genes on chromosomes.

Grass Seed Structure and Seedling Emergence
This activity discusses both seed structure and seedling emergence in monocots. Through active learning elements, photos and text students will discover the basic anatomy of seeds and the function of each structure. The process of seedling emergence is presented in detail including the difference between emergence in cool-season and warm-season grasses.

Herbicide Affects on the Chlorophyll Pathway
This animation illustrates how herbicides affect the chlorophyll pathway and ultimately cause lipid peroxidation.

Herbicide Competition
This animation shows how herbicides compete with PEP to alter the function of an enzyme.

Herbicide Metabolism: Conjugation
General and specific examples of major Phase II reactions showing conjugation of herbicides with glutathione, sugars, or amino acids are illustrated in this animation.

Herbicide Metabolism: Hydrolysis
General and specific examples of major hydrolytic Phase I reactions are shown in this animation.

Herbicide Metabolism: Overall
This animation follows the metabolism of a herbicide in a plant cell as its structure is changed through Phase I, II, and III reactions.

Herbicide Metabolism: Oxidation
General and specific examples of major oxidative Phase I reactions are shown in this animation.

Herbicide Metabolism: Reduction
General and specific examples of major reductive Phase I reactions are shown in this animation.

Herbicide Metabolism: Secondary Conjugation
General and specific examples of Phase III reactions showing secondary conjugation of sugar conjugates with malonic acid.

Herbicide Metabolism: Vacuolar Sequestration and Insoluble Residues
General and specific examples of Phase III reactions involving herbicide metabolite transport into vacuoles or incorporation into cell walls.

Herbicide Resistance
Illustrates how selection for herbicide resistance occurs.

Herbicide Uptake by Leaves and Cells
This animation describes how herbicides are taken up by leaves and illustrates how physico-chemical characteristics alter their movement across cuticles. Passive and active mechanisms of herbicide absorption across plant membranes into cells are shown as well.

Herbicide Uptake by Roots
This animation shows how herbicides are taken up by roots and illustrates the path an herbicide takes across the root to reach the vascular system of the plant.

Hydrolysis of Feldspar
Chemical Weathering: hydrolysis of feldspar

Inhibidores de la Mitosis
Esta animación muestra la manera en que algunos herbicidas interfieren con la mitosis, inhibiendo el desarrollo del huso acrom?tico.

Inhibidores del Fotosistema II
El fotosistema II es un sistema dentro del esquerma Z que interactúa para colectar energía del sol.

Ionization, pH, and pKa processes
This animation defines ionization, pH, and pKA.

Jablonski Diagrams
This animation displays how electrons can absorb and transfer energy.

La Pistola de Genes
Como funciona el método de la biolística (gen gun) para transformar células con nuevo ADN. Esta es la sexta de una serie de siete animaciones que detallan el proceso de ingeniería genética de cultivos.

La Síntesis de Etileno
Esta animación muestra la ruta de síntesis del etileno y su inducción por las auxinas y el estrés ambiental.

La Transpiración
Esta animación describe como se mueve el agua a través de las plantas y como este movimiento es afectado por diversos factores.

Lateral Flow Strip Test
This animation illustrates the concepts of protein detection using the lateral flow strip method. This method is simliar to ELISA and is utilized in detecting GMOs, among other applications.

Limonite Dehydration
Chemical Weathering: dehydration of limonite to hematite

Lipid Biosynthesis
This animation shows the process of lipid biosynthesis. It focuses on the biotin carrier protein.

Lipid Peroxidation
Shows the process of lipid peroxidation and the resulting membrane destruction.

Making a Gene Library
This animation shows how to make a colony of new DNA in order to locate a specific gene of interest. This is the third of four animations detailing the gene cloning process. To begin at the beginning, choose Making a Recombinant Plasmid. (The animation prior to this one is Bacteria Transformation. The animation just after this one is Screening a DNA Library.)

Making a Recombinant Plasmid
This animation shows how a plasmid responsible for encoding a gene can be cut. The plasmid can be altered with the addition of linear DNA to form a recombinant plasmid to encode a new gene of interest. This is the first of four animations detailing the gene cloning process. The other three animations are Bacteria Transformation, Making a Library, and Screening a DNA Library.

Marker Assisted Selection
An animation showing how plant breeding has changed over time, including the use of molecular markers.

Mecanismos de Acción de las Auxinas y los Herbicidas Auxínicos
Se muestra como las auxinas y los herbicidas auxínicos pueden inducir respuestas celulares y se describe el transporte basípeto de las auxinas. También se muestra como los receptores de auxinas reconocen las auxinas y los herbicidas auxínicos, los cuales inducen entonces la transmisión y traducción de señales para activar varios genes; el papel de los productos de esos genes en las respuestas de las plantas es también mostrado.

Metabolismo de los Herbicidas - Introducción
Esta animación sigue el metabolismo del herbicida en una célula vegetal, conforme cambia su estructura a través de las reacciones de las fases I, II y III.

Modifying Carnation Color Through Biotechnology
Depicts how two different genes were inserted into carnation through biotechnology to produce purple colored carnations.

Monogastric digestion
This animation shows the digestion processes of swine and poultry and outlines the components of each digestive tract.

Nitrogen Supply Relationship between Grain Yield and Protein Concentration
Discusses the relationship between the amount of nitrogen applied and how it affects grain yield and protein concentration in a grain crop.

Nitrogen Supply Relationship with Protein Fraction, Lysine Concentration, and Kernel Hardness
Discusses the relationship between the amount of nitrogen applied and how it affects the protein fraction, lysine concentration, and kernel hardness of a grain crop.

Nixtamalization
Interactive illustration of the steps involved in the process of making tortillas.

Overall Picture of Auxinic Herbicide Action
This animation summarizes how auxin and auxinic herbicides may turn on certain genes and how those gene products may alter plant growth.

Overview of Crop Genetic Engineering
A general look at the process of crop genetic engineering. This is the first of a series of seven animations that detail the process of crop genetic engineering. The six lessons after this are DNA and DNA Extraction, Gene Cloning, Gene Regions, Gene Modification, Gene Gun, and Backcross Breeding.

Overview of Electron Transfer Between Photosystems
This animation shows how a chlorophyll molecule captures light energy and excites an electron to begin photosynthesis.

Perennial Plant Response to Defoliation
Learn about the life cycle of perennials and how defoliation at different times of the season and different heights affects their growth and carbohydrate reserve levels.

Peroxidación de Lípidos
Muestra el proceso de peroxidación de lípidos y la resultante destrucción de las membranas.

Pesticide Resistance Management- Insects: Biological and Ecological Factors Affecting Development
Interactive learning activity on Pesticide Resistance Management - Insects: Biological Factors Affecting Development

Pesticide Resistance Management: Understanding Resistance Mechanisms

Phosphorus in Surface Waters
This animation demonstrates the four forms that phosphorus (P) can take in surface water, and how the equilibrium between the forms can be upset and then rebalanced.

Plant Breeding Activity
This interactive activity goes through the basic process used in a traditional breeding program. Crossing, genetic variation, selection and elements of DNA technology are discussed within this activity. The material is aimed towards high school or introductory life science undergraduate students.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
This animation depicts the process of PCR. Each component involved in the process is outlined and described in this animation.

Population Dynamics of Palmer Amaranth
This animation examines several states of a weed species during the growing season and studies the transitions that occur between each state.

Procesos de Ionización, pH, y pKa
En esta animación se definen los términos Ionización, pH y pKa.

Production Practice Influence on Maize Grain Quality
Discusses how production practices affect the grain quality of maize.

Protein Synthesis: Transcription/Translation Overview
This animation shows the transcription process of RNA within the plant cell. Single stranded RNA moves out of the cell where it is translated into proteins. This is the first in a series of three animations on protein synthesis. The other two animations are Transcription and Translation.

QTL Analysis: Single Factor ANOVA in Excel
The link within this animation no longer works. Go to barleyworld.org to search for the data.

Refuge Designs with YieldGard Rootworm Corn
This animation discusses the importance of Insect Resistance Management (IRM) and illustrates different field refuge designs.

Relación entre la efectividad herbicida y el desarollo de resistancia
Describe la relación entre la efectividad del herbicida y el desarrollo de resistencia.

Relationship Between Herbicide Effectiveness and Resistance Development
Discusses the relationship between herbicide effectiveness and resistance development.

Resistencia a los Herbicidas
Ilustra cómo ocurre la selección por resistencia a los herbicidas.

Saltation
This animation demonstrates saltation, surface creep, and suspension of soil particles during wind erosion.

Screening a DNA Library
This animation shows how scientists find the gene of interest by screening thousands of bacteria. Scientists can screen the protein or the DNA. This is the fourth of four animations detailing the gene cloning process. To begin at the beginning, go to Making a Recombinant Plasmid. To view the animation before this one, go to Making a Gene Library.

Soil Horizons
An overview of the different soil horizons, their composition and how they develop.

Spindle Fiber Inhibition
This animation shows how herbicides interfere with mitosis by inhibiting spindle fiber development.

Stripe Rust Activity

Sub-Soil Contact
This animation shows how plants uptake herbicides from the soil.

Syringing
This video clip discusses the technique of syringing for water management in turf grasses. (Link broken 10-11-12, actual URL is http://passel.unl.edu/animation/movies/handwatering.mov)

Taqman
The Taqman probe detection system used in real time PCR (also known as quantitative PCR) is illustrated in this animation. One application of this method is use in GMO detection.

Target Site Resistance
Illustrates both susceptibility and resistance for single and multiple target sites in herbicides.

Terminator Technology in Cotton Plants
The "Terminator" technology is designed to make biotechnology-derived plants produce non-viable seeds. This animation depicts how one type of Terminator system works in cotton.

The Role of Acetolactate Synthesis (ALS) in Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis

Topography
An interactive PowerPoint demonstrating the influence of topography on drainage, organic matter accumulation, and soil profile development.

Traditional Breeding vs. Biotechnology
This animation shows the differences between natural plant breeding and plant breeding using biotechnology. The end result is a plant with the desired gene lacking undesired genes.

Transcription
A detailed depiction of transcription, the first stage of protein synthesis. This is the second in a series of three animations on protein synthesis. To begin at the beginning, go to Protein Synthesis - A general overview.

Transferéncia de Electrones Dentro de la Célula
Esta animación lo llevará a través de las diferentes etapas de la transferéncia de electrones dentro de la célula.

Transgene Design
This is an interactive animation that asks the viewer to design a gene by selecting the promoter and coding region that will produce a plant with the desired traits.

Translation
A detailed depiction of translation, the second stage of protein synthesis. This is the third in a series of three animations on protein synthesis. To begin at the beginning, go to Protein Synthesis - A general overview.

Transpiration
This animation details how water moves through plants and how various factors affect this movement.

Using a Punnett Square to Make Predictions

Water movement through roots
This animation follows the movement of a water molecule from the soil into a root where it encounters several paths of transport until it reaches the xylem.

Water Potential In Plants
This PowerPoint explains the concept of water potential in plants and presents some of the methods used to estimate water potential in plant tissues.

Wheat Breeding Activity
This interactive activity goes through the basic process used in a wheat breeding program. Crossing, genetic variation, selection and elements of DNA technology are discussed within this activity. The material is aimed towards high school or introductory life science undergraduate students.

Wheat Stem Sawfly
An example of the life cycle of the wheat stem sawfly. Shows how crop
yields are affected by the sawfly and what scientists are doing to
reduce their populations.

Who Wants to be a Genetic Engineer-Hebrew
Hebrew version of "Who Wants to Be a Genetic Engineer" animation. Translation by Erez Garty at the The Davidson Institute of Science Education.

Who Wants to be a Genetic Engineer?
This interactive animation invites the viewer to decide and place in order, the steps they would need to take to develop two genetically engineered plants.