This lesson discusses the characteristics of the 12 soil orders defined by the USDA soil classification system, the major factors involved with their formation, and their geographic distribution across the USA and the world.
Tim Kettler
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
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Bill Zanner
Assistant Professor
Department of Soil, Water, and Climate
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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References
Brady, N.C., and R. R. Weil. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soil, 14th edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA, 07458.
USDA-NRCS. Soil Classification - NRCS Soils. Revised 03/21/2008. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Accessed January 6, 2009. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053557
Soil Survey Staff. 2003. Keys To Soil Taxonomy. 9th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System Of Soil Classification For Making And Interpreting Soil Surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.
This lesson was developed by Martha Mamo, Timothy Kettler, and Dennis McCallister at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Jim Ippolito Research Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS-NWISRL, Kimberly, Idaho, formerly at Colorado State University ; Ron Reuter at Oregon State University; Christoph Geiss at Trinity College-Connecticut; and William Zanner at the University of Minnesota. Development of this lesson was supported by the National Science Foundation Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement Program (NSF-CCLI), Award Number DUE-0042603. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NSF.
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